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cyrus Site Admin
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Joined: 24 Jun 2003 Posts: 4993
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Posted: Sun Oct 14, 2007 9:29 pm Post subject: The Tehran Summit and the National Interests of Iran in the |
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The Tehran Summit and the National Interests of Iran in the Caspian Sea
Oct 14, 2007
Bahman Aghai Diba, PhD International Law of the Sea - Persian Journal
http://www.iranian.ws/iran_news/publish/article_22962.shtml
The Caspian Sea littoral states have failed to reach a general compromise on the legal regime of the Caspian Sea. Since the collapse of the USSR, these states have convened many conferences in all levels, including a summit in 2002 in Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) to solve this problem and they have not succeeded. This issue has the potential to turn into a point of confrontation and even conflict, especially with discovery of oil and gas resources and the new importance of the Caspian oil as an alternative to the Persian Gulf oil (at least to some extent).
The Second Caspian Summit will be held in Tehran on 16th of Oct. 2007. Under the conditions that all previous efforts have failed to gain a consensus, what has made the Iranian regime hopeful that it will get a breakthrough this time in Tehran? What can the Islamic Republic of Iran do to protect the national interests of Iran in the Caspian Sea?
It seems that under the present conditions, the best policy for the Islamic Republic of Iran is refraining from entering into any kind of treaty for the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, because the conditions are set to impose the worst situation upon Iran. Iran has no reason to hurry about the legal regime of the Caspian Sea. The Tehran Summit will be a failure for Tehran if it accepts the positions of the other states.
What are those positions?
Although the USSR is dead and the Russian Federation is not a super power as it was once, the Russian leasers are always dreaming of restoring the Russian hegemony in the area that once used to be the Russian domain. As far as the Caspian Sea is concerned, they want to use the whole Caspian Sea for their military and civilian fleet. They are following these policies:
1- Division of the Caspian Sea bed (only) on the basis of a modified median line (MML). It means the more coastal area you have, the more area of the Caspian Sea you get. According to the MML, Russia, and Azerbaijan get almost twenty percent (each of them), Kazakhstan gets 30 percent, Turkmenistan gets almost 17 percent and Iran gets almost 13 percent of the Caspian Sea-bed. The MML formula leaves the wasters of the Caspian Sea for common use of the littoral states.
2- Putting pressure on all Caspian states, especially Iran, to accept the MML for division of the Caspian Seabed. The Russians have succeeded to convince Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in this field. Iran, along with the on and off support of Turkmenistan, has not agreed with it.
3- Excluding all non-littoral states from having military or civilian presence in the Caspian Sea. The Russians have stationed one of their most important naval concentrations in the Caspian Sea. The civilian fleet of the Russians in the Caspian Sea handles ninety percent of the maritime transportations in the Caspian Sea. The Fishing fleet of the Russians has no rival in the region. They want to exclude the non-littoral states to have no rival. The other littoral states have nothing considerable in the Caspian Sea, except than some old dated boats and the fishermen who work in the way the ancient tribes.
4- Creating difficulties for the usage of Volga-Don and Volga-Baltic channel for the other littoral and non-littoral states, for keeping the advantages of the Russian fleet, ports and facilities. The Russians have been insisting that the Volga channel is completely an internal waterway. (While the new conditions of the Caspian Sea requires some kind of reconsideration in this regard and make it an international waterway or a waterway under a special regime, such as the Bosporus and Dardanelle.)
5- Refraining from providing the other littoral states with larger ships for expansion their military or civilian fleet. For example by refraining from selling ships, or helping them to build naval facilities. The littoral states of the Caspian Sea, except than the Russian Federation, do not have any military of civilian fleet (Iran?s share from the shipping in the Caspian Sea is less than 4 percent.) and the Russians want to keep them that way.
6- Forcing the littoral states to use Russian outlets for the export of their oil and gas. The landlocked states of the Caspian Sea need proper outlets for their exports and the Russians try to make them use the Russians facilities. One of the ways to do so is the rejection of building under water pipelines in the Caspian Sea under the pretext that it damages the environment. It is noteworthy that the Russians are responsible for ninety percent of the pollution in the Caspian Sea through thousands of the Russian factories that pour their industrial wastes in the Volga River and eventually the Caspian Sea.
7- Formation of a kind of common military force for the Caspian Sea. This force will be almost completely a Russian instrument for patrolling all the Caspian Sea. Other littoral states have hardly enough boats to do low-level police activity in their shorelines.
8- Using the opportunity gained by Iran?s isolation to force Iran to accept the MML. Iran is under pressure and the Iranian regime is desperate for its survival. The Russians are well aware that they cannot treat a thoroughly nationalist government in Iran, as they treat the Islamic regime of Iran.
The Republic of Azerbaijan is happy to get twenty percent of the Caspian Sea by the MML. However their policies are:
1- Attracting the Western countries, especially the USA into the Caspian Sea. The inclination of Azerbaijan to the Western states, especially the USA, is not originating from an inherent love. This policy is based on the fact that the Azerbaijan Republic, as the second Shiite country in the world (after Iran), is feeling worried about the ideological provocations orchestrated by the Islamic Republic and other Islamic extremist elements. Also, the Azeris need to neutralize the Russian presence, as a force supporting Armenia (which has close relations with Iran and Russian Federation).
2- Good relations with Israel as an indication of the inclination to the Western countries. The Azerbaijan Republic is aware that its relations with Israel can play an important role in convincing the West about its intentions.
3- Presenting the Baku-Jeyhan pipeline as the best way for oil exports of the Caspian land-locked countries. The Baku-Jeyhan pipeline is now operational and despite the fact that it was not an economical project, the Western support has succeeded to create this pipeline. The Baku-Jeyhan pipeline is the clear sign of the failure of Iran and Russia in the regional pipeline diplomacy. However, the Azeri oil is not enough for using the full capacity of the Baku-Jeyhan pipeline, and Azerbaijan needs to attract the cooperation of the regional countries, especially Kazakhstan to give this pipeline.
4- Getting into NATO and leaving the hand of NATO free in the Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan has already suggested the Americans and the NATO to use the Abshoran peninsula as their military bases. There are some news about establishment of the radar posts by the NATO in Azerbaijan and possible use of the Azeri territory for an attack against the Islamic regime of Iran.
5- Getting the international support in the case of Nagorno Gharabagh with Armenia. This is the most important issue in the political agenda of the Azeri governments. Azerbaijan is ready to give concessions in the Caspian Sea to the forces that help it in the case of Nagorno Karabagh. The Republic of Azerbaijan has rejected the suggestions of Iran for meddling in this issue because they do not believe in impartiality of Tehran.
6- Exploration and exploitation of the resource in the Caspian Sea with the capital and expertise of the Western countries. Azerbaijan has been exploring the oil resources of the Caspian Sea for the last two hundred years (more seriously in the last fifty years). They need new technology and investment in the oil and gas resources.
7- The Azerbaijan Republic has already joined with the Russians in using the MML as the formula for division of the maritime borders with the Russian Federation, as far as the Caspian Seabed is concerned. However, they are interested to make this division wider and to include the waters too.
Kazakhstan is trying to make use of the opportunity created by the access of the country to most of the Caspian Sea. The MML leaves this country with 30% of the Caspian Sea-bed. The Kazakhstan's fields are actively developed by the Western companies, especially the Americans, interested in non-OPEC, non-Arab, Non-Iranian oil. Kazakhstan has already concluded treaties with the Russians and the Azerbaijan Republic for using the MML as the division criteria of the Caspian Seabed. Iran has proclaimed such treaties as null and void because the littoral states have originally agreed to make decision on the legal regime of the Caspian Sea unanimously.
The government of Turkmenistan is not satisfied with the MML, not because its share according to the MML formula is 17 percent, but due to the fact that the important oil fields claimed by Turkmenistan are given to Azerbaijan by the MML. Turkmenistan once went to the brink of war with Azerbaijan over these oil fields (Kapaz or Sardar oil fields). It was interested to be in the side of Iran against the MML, but it was not ready to tie its destiny to the Islamic regime of Iran. Turkmenistan has already showed that it agrees with the MML and there are only some problems (such as the Kapaz oil fields) that should be hammered out. Also Turkmenistan is waiting for the destiny of Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan pipeline.
What is the position of Iran?
The position of Iran is to divide the Caspian Sea according to equity (20% for each). The Russian Federation is imposing its formula of MML for the division of the Caspian Sea-bed and leaving the superjacent waters for the common use. Iranian position about the possible division of the Caspian Sea is not limited to the ?seabed? (unlike MML). Iran is asking for a complete division of the whole sea. This kind of division will lead to:
1- Restriction of the Russian forces from traveling freely all over the Caspian Sea.
2- Stopping the industrialized fishing fleet of the Russians from using the national sections of the other countries
3- Disconnection the direct link of the Russians with Iran. The Russian Federation has no land border with Iran at the moment. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the land border of Iran and the Russians was removed. Division of the Caspian Sea into national sectors, as Iran is calling for, will result into removing the water borders with the Russians too.
However, at the moment no body is taking the positions of Iran in the Caspian Sea serious. Due to the troublesome nature of the Iran?s Islamic regime, all countries in the region are pausing to see what is going to happen to the regime of Iran. After all, what is the use of entering into agreement with an unstable regime? The successors of this regime may decide to punish or take revenge from those who support it now. Iranian people think that the failure of the Islamic regime of Iran for protecting the Iranian rights in the Caspian sea (as an ancient country which has been living in the southern shores of the Caspian Sea and as a state that has shared this body of water with the Russians for a long time) is the result of the mismanagement of the international relations and the wrong decisions of the Islamic regime in the field of the foreign policy.
The best policy for the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a regime that has not succeeded to safeguard the national interests of Iran in the Caspian Sea, is refraining from entering into any kind of contractual arrangements or agreements that might jeopardize the national interests of Iran in the Caspian Sea in an irreversible way. These are the reasons for the preferred inaction policy:
1- Iran does not need its oil and gas resources in the Caspian Sea immediately. There are many places (including the Persian Gulf) that Iran possesses large amounts of oil and gas reserves. These can be exploited much easier as compared to the Iranian side of the Caspian Sea. In fact, the Iranian side of the Caspian Sea is deep (the deepest point is almost a thousand meters deep) and it is difficult to explore and exploit oil and gas reserves here. Any economical activity in this section requires high technology and more investment. It must be noted that although the Caspian Sea is a lake, it has the features of the open sea in many regards like water currents and weather conditions. You to add to this picture the difficulties of getting the facilities to the required points in the face of the non-cooperation of the littoral states and isolation of Iran.
2- The nuclear issue of Iran, along with other policies of Iran, has left Iran in a weak situation in front of the Russians. Iran needs the Russians for stopping the adoption and implementation of the UN sanctions. This makes the maneuverability of the already weak policy of Iran more limited.
3- It is not a good idea to take the case of the Iranian interests in the Caspian Sea to the international tribunals (such as the UNSC, International Court of Justice, and international arbitrations). Iran has not the international prestige, the support of any country in the world and the case of the Caspian Sea the Russians are on the other side too. Referring the case of the Iranian rights to the international forums will not be a solution for Iran at the present conditions. In fact, Iran must try to avoid the efforts of the others to take the case to such forums. With all littoral states, Russia, the US and the EU on the other side, who is going to vote for the Iranian rights in the Caspian Sea?
4- The establishment of the new legal regime will ease the way for the others to do what they want and Iran will be left back due to the lack of expertise and financial resources. The picture is bleaker for Iran if we consider that some of the most important oil and gas fields in the Caspian Sea are common among the littoral states in any kind of division.
5- Iran has failed in the pipeline diplomacy so far. The important pipelines are already avoiding Iran. The new legal regime will not change the situation of Iran in the pipeline diplomacy of the region.
Bahman Aghai Diba is the Senior Consultant to the CEO of the World Resources Company and author of the "The Law and politics of the Caspian sea". |
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cyrus Site Admin
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Joined: 24 Jun 2003 Posts: 4993
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Posted: Sun Oct 14, 2007 9:30 pm Post subject: Urgent Request From Iranian Oppositi |
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ActivistChat wrote: |
Urgent Request From Iranian Opposition Leadership For Direction and List Of Urgent Actions
Greatness is not achieved by words but by hard work, difficult choices, actions and sacrifice.
Iranian opposition leadership greatness will be measured by good judgments , good actions, taking risks, sacrifices, ability to mobilize all forces and not just words.
Iranian Opposition Leadership silence regarding difficult issues to be on the safe side or waiting for prefect conditions or waiting for perfect organizations with massive resources are not considered as acceptable choice or solution at this critical inflection point of Iranian history for freeing Motherland from evil forces …
The Iranian Opposition Leadership must provide answer to the following questions:
- What are the list of Urgent Actions Inside Iran by Iranian people?
- What are the list of Urgent Actions Outside Iran?
2007 Urgent Request By ActivistChat
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Hoshdaar Komite ye Nejat
Emkaan emza ye gharardad dovom torkaman chay
Quote: |
امکان امضای قرارداد دوم ترکمان چای در مورد دريای کاسپين
هشدار کميته نجات
امکان امضای قرارداد دوم ترکمان چای در مورد دريای کاسپين
Source: http://www.savepasargad.com/september/hoshdar-caspian.htm
خانم ها، آقايان، هموطنان گرامی،
اين روزها، با اعلام خبر سفر رييس جمهوری روسيه، آقای پوتين، و هياتي از کشورهاي تازه استقلال يافته ي اطراف درياي کاسپين، زنگ خطر بزرگی در ارتباط با گنجينه ها و ميراث تاريخی ايرانزمين در سرزمين مان به صدا درآمده است.
گفته می شود که يکی از دلايل حضور اين افراد در ايران مذاکره بر سر مالکيت دريای کاسپين است؛ دريايي که مالکيت آن تا کنون و بر اساس قراردادهای کاملا رسمی سال های 1921 و 1940 به طور مساوی بين روسيه و ايران تقسيم می شده است. اکنون سخن بر سر آن است که اين مالکيت چگونه بين پنج کشور تقسيم شود. در اين راستا، پيشنهادی که روسيه برای اين تقسيم به ايران داده، کلا در جهت حفظ منافع روسيه و عليه منافع سرزمين ما و بسيار ناعادلانه و هراس انگيز است.
اگر به نقشه های پيشنهادی روسيه نگاه کنيم می بينيم که تقسيم بندی اول بر اساس سطح آب و تقريبا به طور مساوی بين پنج کشور تقسيم شده اما در تقسيم کف دريا، ايران کمترين سهم را می برد؛ يعنی در واقع نفت، گاز، و ثروت های دريايي که در کف کاسپين خوابيده و تاکنون نيمی از آن به ايران تعلق داشته، به پيشنهاد روسيه بين کشورهايي تقسيم می شود که از دل شوروی سابق بيرون آمده اند ولی روسيه می خواهد بيشترين سهم را از کيسه ملت ايران به آن ها ببخشد
خانم ها، آقايان، هموطنان گرامی
توجه داشته باشيد که تا کنون، يعنی اکتبر 2007، مالکيت ايران بر دريای کاسپين از نظر قوانين بين المللی هيچ تغييری نکرده است، يعنی ما همچنان صاحب نيمی از دريای کاسپين هستيم و در عين حال جمهوری های تازه استقلال يافته در همان سال 1991 کليه تعهدات بين المللی شوروی سابق را که سهم ايران را بر اساس 1921 و 1940 تعيين می کردند تضمين کرده اند. به اين ترتيب هر قراردادی که از اين پس با روسيه و کشورهای همسايه بسته شود پيمانی تازه است که دولت آقای احمدی نژاد نقش اساسی و مستقيم در آن خواهد داشت.
هموطنان گرامی، اگر که در دوران فتحعلي شاه، در صد و هشتاد سال پيش، ايران زير بار فشار جنگ و شکست افتضاح آميز خود، تن به «قرارداد ترکمانچاي» داد و سهم ايران را از کاسپين هزاران ساله ايراني به روس ها بخشيد، اکثريت مردم در جهل و خرافات زدگی و عقب ماندگی غوطه می خوردند. اما آيا امروز هم به همان دوران برگشته ايم؟ آيا برای نسل امروز شرم آور نيست که اجازه دهد يک دولت غيرمسئول منافع و ثروت های ملی ما را برای منافعی شخصی و مصالحی سياسی و کوتاه مدت به باد دهد؟
کميته بين المللی نجات پاسارگاد بدين وسيله اعلام می کند که هر پيمان غير عادلانه ای که، عليه سهم ايران در اين دريای تاريخی، تصويب شود، خيانتی آشکار به ملت ايران است و مسئوليت آن صرفا با دولت آقای احمدی نژاد، و البته همه ی مسئولان دولتی و نمايندگان مجلس اسلامی، خواهد بود که بر پای چنين پيمانی امضا خواهند گذاشت.
با مهر و احترام
کميته بين المللی نجات پاسارگاد
دوازدهم اکتبر 2007
باج گیری پوتین و باج دهی رژیم ضد ایرانی به روسها
خبرگزاری حکومتی ایرنا: كارشناسان سياسي و راهبردي روسيه، در مورد حل مسايل مورد اختلاف كشورهاي حاشيه درياي در اجلاس سران اين كشورها در تهران ابراز خوشبيني كردند.
اين موضوع روز پنجشنبه در ميزگردي كه با عنوان "سفر ولاديمير پوتين به تهران و مساله خزر" با حضور سه كارشناس مشهور روس در خبرگزاري ريانووستي روسيه برگزار شد مورد تاكيد قرار گرفت.
رييس آكادمي مسايل راهبردي روسيه در اين نشست گفت: اجلاس سران حاشيه خزر كه روز ۱۶اكتبر( ۲۴مهرماه) در تهران برگزار ميشود، ميتواند مسايل مورد اختلاف در تقسيم درياي خزر را حل كند.
"لئونيد ايواشف" تاكيد كرد: بدون شك نخستين ديدار رييس جمهوري روسيه از ايران به روابط مسكو و تهران تحرك تازهاي نيز خواهد بخشيد.
به گفته اين كارشناس روس، دورنماي حل مسايلي كه در تقسيم منابع درياي خزر وجود دارد در چنين سطح عالي بهبود خواهد يافت.
"رجب صفراف" رييس مركز مطالعات ايران معاصر در روسيه نيز با اشاره به امضا نشدن موافقتنامه رژيم حقوقي درياي خزر تا زمان حاضر، در مورد نتايج اجلاس تهران و سفر پوتين به ايران ابراز خوشبيني كرد اما گفت: اختلافات بين كشورهاي حاشيه خزر در مورد نحوه استفاده از اين دريا، جدي است.
وي در مورد تقسيم درياي خزر پس از فروپاشي شوروي سابق گفت: با توجه به اينكه اين دريا بين ايران و شوروي سابق بصورت پنجاه، پنجاه تقسيم شده بود، ايران ميتوانست حتي بر اين سهم پيشين خود تاكيد كرده و پنجاه در صد باقيمانده را بعنوان سهم چهار كشور تازه استقلال يافته بداند، اما ايران اين كار را نكرد.
صفراف افزود: ايران پيشنهاد ۲۰درصد از خزر براي هركشور ساحلي را پيشنهاد كرده ولي طرفهاي مقابل به ايران تنها ۱۳درصد اين دريا را پيشنهاد كردند كه اين امر به جايگاه ايران و نيز اقتصاد اين كشور لطمه وارد ميكند.
بگفته اين كارشناس مسايل ايران در روسيه، ايران آمادگي حل عادلانه مساله خزر و استفاده از ذخاير اين دريا به نفع پنج كشور حاشيهآن را دارد و سفر پوتين به تهران و نشست سران ميتواند پس از سالها، در اين مورد نتيجه مثبتي داشته باشد.
وي در عين حال پيشرفت در روابط ايران و روسيه را منوط به حل مساله درياي خزر دانست.
"ولاديمير اورالف" ديگر كارشناس اين ميزگرد نيز با مهم توصيف كردن سفر رييس جمهوري روسيه به ايران، گفت: ايران يك طرف راهبردي براي روسيه بوده و از طرفي برنامه هستهاي ايران نيز دستور روز جامعه بينالملل است.
"رجب صفراف" درادامه ميزگرد با اشاره به اينكه آژانس بينالمللي انرژي اتمي هيچ سندي در مورد نظامي بودن برنامه اتمي ايران در دست ندارد، گفت: هيچ دولتي را نميتوان بخاطر داشتن سوء ظن مجازات كرد.
وي گفت: پوتين نيز بخاطر اين سوءظن به تهران نميرود بلكه قصد دارد با ايران از جمله در زمينه هستهاي همكاري كند.
صفراف در خصوص نيروگاه بوشهر كه توسط روسيه در دست ساخت است نيز اظهار داشت: راه اندازي اين نيروگاه در سال ۲۰۰۸علامت خوب مسكو به جهان خواهد بود.
وي مذاكره درمورد نيروگاه بوشهر را از مباحث جدي احمدي نژاد و پوتين درتهران دانست و گفت: البته ايردهاي روسيه درمورد مشكلات مالي ايران براي تكميل اين نيروگاه، بيهوده است و پوتين در اين مورد اظهار نظر نميكند.
اين كارشناس مسايل ايران افزود: احتمالا پوتين به رييس جمهوري ايران پيشنهاد ميكند از غنيسازي اورانيوم خودداري كرده و به وي تضمين خواهد داد تمام نياز ايران به اورانيوم غني شده در خاك روسيه رفع شود.
بگفته صفراف در صورت چنين پيشنهادي، ايران آنرا رد خواهد كرد و وابستگي سوخت هستهاي خود به روسيه را نميپذيرد و مقامات ايران نيز دلايل خود را به پوتين ارايه داده و اطمينان ميدهند كه از خواستهاي آژانس تبعيت كنند.
"ضمن آنكه غنيسازي اورانيوم در ايران نقض قوانين بينالمللي نيست و آژانس نيز از همكاريهاي ايران رضايت دارد"
وي تاكيد نمود: در كيف پوتين، پيشنهادهايي براي همكاري با ايران وجود دارد كه ميتواند به اقتصاد ايران ياري برساند.
اين ميزگرد با استقبال گسترده رسانههاي خبري روسيه مواجه شده بود.
"ولاديمير پوتين" رييس جمهوري روسيه قرار است روز ۱۶اكتبر ( ۲۴مهر ماه) براي شركت در اجلاس سران كشورهاي حاشيه درياي خزر عازم تهران شود.
Hoshdaar Komite ye Nejat
Emkaan emza ye gharardad dovom torkaman chay
هشدار کميته نجات
امکان امضای قرارداد دوم ترکمان چای در مورد دريای کاسپين
http://www.savepasargad.com/september/hoshdar-caspian.htm
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cyrus Site Admin
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Posted: Sun Oct 14, 2007 9:45 pm Post subject: Mr. Putin Dirty Water Fisihing in the Islamist Mullah's Mes |
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Mr. Putin Dirty Water Fisihing in the Islamist Mullah's Mess, Top Taazi Thug Nuclear Mess and Mahdi Mess
Highly recommend to President Putin conceal his visit to Iran under Mullahs control.
Ambassador Hakimi wrote: |
Source: http://www.activistchat.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=24840#24840
Quote: | “We seek to strengthen Russia’s role in the world,” Ahmadinejad stressed. |
Mr. Putin has all the right to praise the new Taazi Selected President, Ahmadinejad, since in the game of dirty politics, Mr. Putin is winner & Ahmadinejad a loser. There is tremendous imbalance between the two as far as education, background & expertise are concerned.
Mr. Putin is an old wolf who has seen lots of rain, as we say in Persian; where as Mr. Ahmadfinejad is not even a lamb in comparison. It should be remembered that Mr. Putin has a superb well known knowledge and background of being one of the directors of KGB. Ahmadinejad is ill matched meeting a person as such. Let aside discussing complicated global politics!
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Quote: |
Is Ahmadinejad KGB Agent Or Another Fool OR MAD TAAZI (Islamist Fanatic) Leader?
Is there any possibility that Ahmadinejad KGB Agent ? Or is he another TAAZI (Islamist fanatic fool) in the hand of Mullahs?
OR IS HE MAD TAAZI???????
Public Information:
1) Mr. Putin was first person within less than 24 hours to congratulate Ahmadinejad. Why was Putin ( this top KGB officer) so excited?
2) “We seek to strengthen Russia’s role in the world,” Ahmadinejad stressed.
3) "Many of my interrogations were at odd hours, after midnight, during which
Mr. Ahmadinejad advised me that they knew of my handicapped son's name,
address and school," said former US hostage, Col. Dave Roeder (Ret.). "They
had full knowledge of my son's school pick-up and drop-off schedules,
threatening that my wife would receive his small body parts, by mail, if I did
not cooperate," he added. "I was in Tehran, I was there, I saw him
[Ahmadinejad] for months and months, I can tell it was him. No one can tell
me otherwise," said Bill Daugherty, also a former hostage, in Tehran, whose
point was to challenge any skeptics of his and his fellow hostage's accounts
and recognition of Ahmadinejad.
4) When Islamist students suggested to take U.S. Embassy , Ahmadinejad suggested to take Soviet Union Embassy as well, if he was an agent for KGB this was a good way to cover and test Islamist students.
5) Involved in plotting Dr. Bakhtiar assassinations?
6) The Austrian authorities are in possession of detailed and extensive data
and information implicating Mr. Ahmadinejad's personal involvement in the July
12, 1989 assassinations of Mr. Abdul-Rahman Ghassemlou -- the Secretary-
General o! f the Iranian Kurdish Democratic Party -- and two of his colleagues
in Vienna, Austria.
7) Ahmadinejad was for nearly two years an intelligence chief for the unit of the revolutionary guard alleged to plot assassinations against Iranians living abroad.
After the 1979 revolution, the twenty-three year old Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
became Ayatollah Khomeini's universities' representative in the Student Office
for Strengthening Unity, which played the command and control center for the
seizure, and subsequent occupation, of the US Embassy for 444 days. Later in
the 1980's he joined the Revolutionary Guards and eventually helped create the infamous Qods Brigade, which is today, still tasked with the super-secret
special terror operations dictated by the clerical leadership.
OR IS HE TAAZI (MAD Islamist Fanatic) ???????
MAD Ahmadinejad Profile: Islamist Mullah Khameni Great Gift's To Iranian People After 28 Years In Power, Evil President-Select Ahmadinejad With 1000s Of Terror By His Own Hand
Conclusion:
Whether Ahmadinejad is working for KGB or others does not matter, one thing is very clear from Ahmadinejad statements, and past profile, he is not working for Iranian National Interest and should be removed from all powers NOW by those guilty parties who have protected this traitor and helped Top Taazi Thug to become president, before Ahmadinejad can create another big disaster for Iran or sign International contract in the name of Iranian people with Mr. Putin this former Top KGB Wolf regarding Caspian Sea ....
The Iranian Security forces must act today in the National Interest of Iranian people and if they stay silence for any excuse can not look at their own face in the mirror tomorrow ….
Security Forces (Police, Pasdaran and Military) must act now for regime change and replacing Mullahs mess with Free society and Secular Democracy. The Iranian people have already spoken by boycotting many Elections in the past . The Armed forces and Security Forces (Police, Pasdaran ...) must choose between defending and serving the people or serving Taazi shame and Mullahs. This is up to armed and security forces to choose between SHAME and HONOR, serving Mullahs or their Sisters, Brothers, Fathers & Mothers who pay their salary.
To avoid war Iranian people of all ages do not have any choice other than be prepared to fight to free their homeland from Viruses of Iranian society whether the armed forces serve them or serve the enemy of freedom and free society. Iranian people should be ready for final battle for freeing their homeland from TAAZI and must not forget that their FOREVER leader Cyrus the Great died in battlefield in 530 BC at the age of 60 and not in bed.
Mr. Putin is planing to travel to Iran on this coming Tuesday for more dirty water fisihing in the Islamist Mullah's mess and Ahmadinejad mess .... Iranian people must protest against President Putin , Taazi Terror Masters and Top Taazi Thugs ....
Highly recommend to President Putin conceal his visit to Iran under Mullahs control and don't play dirty game.
If President Putin visits Iran, he will be remembered as enemy and Wolf Master by Iranians ...
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cyrus Site Admin
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Posted: Mon Oct 15, 2007 2:47 am Post subject: Caspian Sea: Seal Deaths Highlight Species' Predicament |
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Caspian Sea: Seal Deaths Highlight Species' Predicament
http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/04/87ba0cea-0299-431a-a2ee-d3ce58d3e953.htmlBy Antoine Blua
The Caspian Sea coast (file photo)
(Courtesy Photo)
April 13, 2007 (RFE/RL) -- Hundreds of dead seals have washed up on Kazakhstan's Caspian Sea coast in the past two weeks. The cause is still a mystery, but it is a blow to the already dwindling Caspian seal (Phoca caspica).
Threats ranging from hunting to pollution are behind the species' decline to just 10 percent of its numbers of a century ago. But conservation efforts might provide hope for these spotted mammals.
Officials in Kazakhstan now say 363 dead seals have been found on the Caspian Sea coast of the Mangystau region.
The number of reported dead seals in the area has been growing daily since the first carcasses were found between the Kalamkas and Karazhanbas oil deposits -- most of them pups.
Pollutants accumulate in seals, weakening their immune systems and causing infertility. Such pollutants originate in heavy industry and enter the Caspian Sea via rivers. |
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Posted: Mon Oct 15, 2007 2:06 pm Post subject: Koroush Zaim Reject Russia Caspian Plan |
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One Of The Iranian Opposition Leader Inside Iran and Free Iran Activist Mr. Koroush Zaim Rejects Mr. Putin Russian Caspian Plan At This Time
مهندس کورش زعیم wrote: |
http://www.savepasargad.com/september/kourosh%20zaim-caspian.htm
شرایط بین المللی بهیچوجه برای کسب یک نتیجه عادلانه و حفظ حقوق قانونی ایران در دریای مازندران مساعد نیست
از: مهندس کورش زعیم
خطرناکترین زمان برای مذاکره درباره تمامیت ارضی وحقوق ملکی ایران هنگامی است که حکومت ناتوان و درمانده در همه جبهه های داخلی و بین المللی به دنبال معامله و خرید دوست باشد. دریای مازندران طبق پیمانهای 1921 و 1940 میان ایران و شوروی، به جز شانزده کیلومتر نوار ساحلی هر کشور که منطقه انحصاری ماهیگیری است، ملک مشاع و مساوی میان ایران و روسیه است. سه کشورجدید حاشیه دریای مازندران در بیانیه آلماتی در21 دسامبر 1991، که توسط همه کشورهای مشترک المنافع و استقلال یافته شوروی (CIS) امضاء شد، احترام به کلیه تعهدات بین المللی شوروی سابق را تضمین کردند. حقوق پنجاه درصدی ایران در دریای مازندران منطبق با قوانین بین المللی مربوط بوده و تغییرناپذیر است. ایران هیچ اجباری ندارد که از حقوق تاریخی و قانونی خود به کشورهای بیگانه بذل و بخشش کند.
روسیه قصد دارد بستر دریا را به تناسب طول ساحل پنج کشور به پنج بخش تقسیم کند، ولی سطح دریا کماکان مشاع باشد. بستر دریا حدود 660 میلیارد بشکه ذخیره نفت و گاز دارد که دوسوم ذخایر کل جهان است و نزدیک به همه آن بیرون یک پنجم ایران قرار می گیرد. ما پیشنهاد می کنیم که روسیه برای چگونگی تقسیم سهم مشاع پنجاه درصدی خود باسه کشوری که از دل خودش درآمده اند مذاکره کند و کاری به کار ایران نداشته باشد.
همانگونه که روسیه، در پیمانهای دوجانبه و بدون موافقت ایران، بخش شمالی دریای مازندران را میان خودش، قزاقستان و آذربایجان تقسیم کرده، که خود بعلت مشاع بودن دریا یک تخلف از قانون بین الملل است، می تواند از مانده سهم پنجاه درصدی خود بخشی را هم به ترکمنستان واگذار کند. ما حتا آماده ایم کف دریا را اِفراز کنیم تا از حالت مشاع درآید و روسیه بتواند هر جور که مایل باشد سهم خود را تقسیم کند.
جمهوری اسلامی اگر در این تصور باشد که با پذیرش طرح روسیه خواهد توانست حسن نیت و رای روسیه را در اجلاس شورای امنیت بخرد سخت در اشتباه است. نخست اینکه هرگونه عقب نشینی از موضع قانونی ایران در دریا به معنای تجزیه ایران خواهد بود، همانگونه که در ترکمانچای رخ داد. دوم اینکه لجاجت در ادامه غنی سازی اورانیوم ارزش چنین هزینه عظیمی را ندارد. سوم اینکه سازش با روسیه در این زمینه تضمین راه اندازی نیروگاه بوشهر هم نخواهد بود. همانگونه که من در 1991 و از 2003 تا کنون تکرار کرده ام، روسیه نه توان فنی و نه انگیزه سیاسی راه اندازی نیروگاه بوشهر را دارد. همان کاهش ظرفیت نیروگاه از 1000 مگاوات به سطح غیراقتصادی 440 مگاوات نشانگر این ناتوانی است. در واقع روسیه می خواهد همه مبلغ قرارداد را با سرعت وصول وآنقدر دفع الوقت کند تا شایدطرح اسراییل برای بمباران بوشهر، همانند بمباران ونابودسازی نیروگاه عراق، صورت گیرد و تعهدات روسیه از بین برود.
ما پیشنهاد می کنیم که تا حل مسائل بین المللی ایران و درآمدن ایران از انزوا و شرایط بی اعتمادی، هیچگونه مذاکره ای درباره دریای مازندران انجام نگیرد و هیچگونه تعهدی از جانب ایران پذیرفته نشود. شرایط بین المللی بهیچوجه برای کسب یک نتیجه عادلانه و حفظ حقوق قانونی ایران در دریای مازندران مساعد نیست.
22 مهر 1386 |
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Posted: Mon Oct 15, 2007 10:28 pm Post subject: Letter To President Putin By Iranian Solidarity Congress |
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Must Read Iranian Solidarity Congress Warning To President Putin
Highly recommend to President Putin Cancel his visit to Iran under Mullahs control.
Any kind of relation with the Islamist Occupiers of Iran is considered as being enemy of Freedom. Free Society and freedom-loving Iranian people.
This is a worldwide announcement to all nations that any deals and contracts made with illegitimate Islamist Occupiers of Iran by any entity is null, void and future legitimate elected Iranian Governments will seek compensation from all those helping the current illegitimate regime which is using Terror, creating fear society and torture.....
President Putin should choose whether he wants to be friend of Mullahs or friend of Iranian people.
If President Putin visits Iran, he will be remembered as enemy and KGB Wolf Master by Iranians ...
Ambassador Hashem Hakimi wrote: |
آگهی و هشدار
ما ایرانیان ساکن برون مرز ایران، صریحا اعلام میکنیم که هرگونه قراردادسیاسی ،اقتصادی ،بازرگانی،مالی، کمک رایگان بکشور های بیگانه ،و همچنین هرنوع معاهده و قرارداد با دول بیگانه، بعلت عدم مشروعیت جمهوری اسلامی و عدم پشتیبانی ملت ایران از دولت کنونی، لغو و باطل بوده و دولت انتخابی آینده که آزادانه ازطرف مردم ایران برگزیده شده است ، هیچگونه تعهد و مسئولیتی درباره قول و قرارها و معاملات و اعمال دولت کنونی نداشته و نخواهد داشت.
آنان که با دولت نامشروع جمهوری اسلامی ایران، تا به امروز، بهر نوع معامله ای، اعم از سیاسی و مالی و ارضی، دست یافته اند باید بدانند که تمامی معاملات آنان مخدوش بوده و ملت ایران خود رامسئول و پایبند به اجرای آنها نمیداند.
ایرانیان برون مرزی
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Posted: Tue Oct 16, 2007 11:06 am Post subject: Iranian Opposition Leader Prince Reza Pahlavi On Caspian Sea |
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Iranian Opposition Leader Prince Reza Pahlavi Message On Caspian Sea Nations Meeting (Persian)
Source: http://www.rezapahlavi.org/messages/?persian&id=133
Prince Reza Pahlavi wrote: |
بیانیۀ رضا پهلوی در مورد اجلاس سران کشورهای حوزۀ دریای مازندران
دبيرخانه رضا پهلوي
دوشنبه 23 مهر 1386
http://www.rezapahlavi.org/messages/?persian&id=133
هم میهنان عزیزم،
همچنان که می دانید، رئیس جمهوری روسیـه، ولادیمیر پوتین، روز سه شنبه ۲۴ مهر ماه جاری، برای شرکت در اجـلاس ســران کشــورهای حــوزۀ دریــای مازندران، در سفـــری رسمی راهی تهران خواهد شد. بــر اساس آنچه رسانه هــا و مقامات جمهوری اسلامی اعلام داشته اند، هدف از برگـــذاری چنین گـــردهمایـی در پایتخت میهن مان، رسیــدگی، و در صورت توافــق طرف های مذاکره، حــل و فصل "مسئله ی مرزهــا" و تقسیم آبهــا و منــابع زیست محیطی و معــدنی دریای مازندران است. در این زمینــه لازم دیـــدم نکاتـی چند را با شما هم میهنــان عزیــزم و خطاب به حاکمان کنونی ایران و همچنین جامعه جهانی و دولت روسیه، بیان دارم.
حکومتگران اسلامی بــرای بقای نظام سیاسی خــود از هیچ ابــزاری رویگـردان نبـوده، و تا روز سرنگونی شان، نخواهنــد بود. اینان، که با شعار توخالــی "نه شرقی نه غربی" به قدرت رسیدند، برای خروج از انزوای خود ساختــه، نه از حراج منابــع انــرژتیک ایران، به غربی و به شرقی، فروگذار کرده اند و نه در به باد دادن بهترین فرصت های تاریخـی بـرای رشــد اقتصادی ایران و گسترش نفوذ فرهنگی و سیاسی میهن مان، درنگ کرده اند. هم اینان میروند تا بار دیگر با قربانی کـــردن منافع ملی ایــران در شمال میهن عزیزمان، شاید چند صباحی به عمر نظام فرتــوت خود بیفزایند. دیگر کیست که نداند که بــرخی قدرت ها، چه در غرب و چه در شرق، با "ورق ایران" پای میز معامله و چانه زنی با یکدیگر نشسته اند؟!
از اینرو، خطاب به جامعۀ جهانی و دولت هـای ذینفـع اعــلام میدارم کــه دولت ملـی آیندۀ ایران، برخاستــه ازارادۀ دمکراتیک ملت ایران، تـَن به هیچ قـرارداد و یا معاهده ای که منافع ملی ما را، در هر زمینه ای که باشد، نادیده گرفته و یا زیر پا گذاشته باشد، نخواهد داد.
خداوند نگهدار ایران باد
رضا پهلوی |
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Posted: Wed Oct 17, 2007 5:13 pm Post subject: Troubled Caspian Waters Await Putin |
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Must Watch Video Program 42: Ownership of Caspian Sea By Ms. Shookoh Mirzadegi
SMCCDI daneshjoo.org wrote: | Troubled Caspian Waters Await Putin (SEE SMCCDI Note...)
AP - World News
Oct 14, 2007
http://daneshjoo.org/publishers/currentnews/article_13019.shtml
SMCCDI Note: Iranians oppose any change or agreement that would affect the Caspian Sea's division and borders, other than those stipulated in treaty and convention ratified between 1921 and 1975 between the former Soviet Union and the then's Iran's Imperial regime.
Such agreements have shared the Caspian Sea on a 50/50 basis between Iran and the then Soviet Union.
Any new distribution should ONLY affect the 50% share which was allocated to the former Soviet Union and its then components which have become, today, independent. This principle should be as simple to understand, than as any contract which would have been made between, a recently, divorced couple and any third party during their common life.
The third party should not pay for the consequences of divorce happened between the couple.
Any deal on any change made between any component of the Islamic regime and any of the Caspian Sea's bordering countries is NULL and VOID.
MOSCOW -- Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to Tehran this week will include participation in a summit of Caspian Sea leaders. Iran, Russia and three former Soviet republics along its shores have been locked in tough talks on dividing the resources of the vast inland sea.
The legal status of the Caspian, which is believed to contain the world's third-largest energy reserves, has been in limbo since the 1991 Soviet collapse, leading to tension and conflicting claims to seabed oil deposits.
Iran, which shared the Caspian's resources equally with the Soviet Union, insists that each coastal nation receive an equal portion of the seabed. Russia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan want the division based on the length of each nation's shoreline, which would give Iran a smaller share.
Turkmenistan is also vying for the Caspian's resources.
The five nations failed to strike a deal at their previous summit in Turkmenistan in 2002, straining ties between Moscow and Tehran. Shortly after, Russia flexed its muscles by conducting massive naval maneuvers in the Caspian.
The failure to negotiate a settlement has remained a major obstacle to international energy projects in the region, such as Western-backed energy pipelines under the sea that would deliver oil and gas to Western markets via Azerbaijan, bypassing Russia.
Russia opposes such pipelines, but fears that escalating tensions could hurt its interests, said Alexander Pikayev, an Iran expert with Russia's Institute for World Economy and International Relations.
The main issue is a dispute between Iran and Azerbaijan in delineating their shelf, which is rich in hydrocarbons. ''Russia fears that the tensions could push Azerbaijan deeper into the U.S. sphere of influence,'' Pikayev said.
Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have signed their own bilateral deals dividing 64 percent of the sea among them. Iran does not recognize the agreements, but the countries have used the deal to start developing oil and gas resources in its northern areas.
The Caspian is also home to several varieties of sturgeon, the source of premium caviar. |
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cyrus Site Admin
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Posted: Fri Oct 19, 2007 5:21 pm Post subject: Press release of Hezbe Mellate Iran on the Caspian Sea |
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Press release of Hezbe Mellate Iran on the Caspian Sea
Dear Friends,
Press release of Hezbe Mellate Iran on the Caspian Sea. Havadarane Pan Iranism thanks all groups that have Iran's interests at heart.
Doostane Aziz,
Havadarane Pan Iranism nazar shoma doostan ra beh bayanieh Hezbe Mellate Iran dar morede Darya Mazandaran jaleb mikonad. Ma az hamheh grouha va nirouhaye melli keh az manafe Iran defa miknanad sepaasgozarim.
http://activistchat.com/HMITorkamanChaiDigar.doc |
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cyrus Site Admin
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cyrus Site Admin
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cyrus Site Admin
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Posted: Thu Oct 25, 2007 1:52 pm Post subject: Please Vote |
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Iranians oppose any change or agreement that would affect the Caspian Sea's division and borders, other than those stipulated in treaty and convention ratified between 1921 and 1975 between the former Soviet Union and the then's Iran's Imperial regime.
Such agreements have shared the Caspian Sea on a 50/50 basis between Iran and the then Soviet Union.
Please Vote YES Now For Caspian Sea on a 50/50 Basis :
http://www.parstvpoll.com/
Please Vote YES For Caspian Sea on a 50/50 Basis
به انگیزه دفاع از تمامیت ارضی و حقوق نسلهای سرزمینمان ایران
ما امضا کنندگان این سند، هر نوع قراردادی که حقوق پنجاه درصدی ایران در دریای مازندران (دریای کاسپین) را نقض کند نخواهیم پذیرفت
We the endorsers of this article, oppose any contract that annuls the %50 ownership of the Caspian Sea, or changing the border lines. |
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cyrus Site Admin
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Posted: Thu Oct 25, 2007 8:31 pm Post subject: The Caspian Sea in the 21st Century |
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Quote: |
4/2/03
The Caspian Sea in the 21st Century
http://www.payvand.com/news/03/apr/1005.html
The Persian section of the VOA has recently talked to one of our frequent contributors, Dr. Bahman Aghai Diba regarding his newly published book: "The Caspian Sea in the 21st Century". Here is the translation of the points discussed in the interview, which was broadcasted on four parts on 24th and 25th of Feb. 2003
Q- what was your incentive by publishing this book? What did you want to say in a nutshell?
A- This book is the condensed results of many years of my personal involvement in the issues related to the Caspian Sea, since the days that Iran and the USSR behaved as if this water of water does not exist, up to now that the Caspian Sea region is one of the most important geopolitical points of the world and a part of the newly revived international geopolitical games.
The short text of this book which is less than a hundred pages, along with another hundred pages of documents and articles are in fact my report to everyone who is interested in the issues of the Caspian Sea, especially Iranians. My major incentive was to demonstrate that: The Caspian Sea has been the focus of states and peoples in and out of the Caspian Basin for the last decade. The littoral states are interested to get a good share of the Caspian Sea's resources. The industrial states are interested to get the oil and gas of the Caspian Sea to the world markets as soon as possible. Meanwhile, the peoples of littoral states, which are all ruled by undemocratic regimes, are concerned to see if their governments can get their suitable rights in the Caspian Sea. Peoples of these countries are aware that the highest priority for the undemocratic regimes is to safeguard their gripe of power, not the national interests. For the same reason, these people have been closely monitoring the activities of their respective governments in definition of the legal regime of the Caspian Sea. The present book gives almost all people, even those without legal or political backgrounds in this issue, an opportunity to see the realities of the case. How the respective governments in Azerbaijan, the Federation of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and especially, Iran have thought and acted regarding the situation of the Caspian Sea and their shares of out of it? The issue has a special reference to Iran because it has experienced a terrible situation in the Caspian Sea due to its unsuccessful management of the foreign policy and international relations, without showing enough attention to the clear realities of the power politics in the world and margins of maneuver for safeguarding national interests. Iran is going to get the smallest share of the Caspian Sea, whether it likes it or not. This is a serious defeat for a country that once owned the Caspian Sea along with the former Soviet Union. The fate of Iran in the Caspian Sea is a great lesson for the people and government of Iran. Also it must be noted that The Caspian Sea is not as calm as it looks. The legal issues in the Caspian Sea are a part of the bigger framework of circumstances created by the collapse of the former Soviet Union and emergence of new power politics in the region, fueled by finding of vast oil and gas reserves, and eagerness of new states to get their share of the Caspian resources. This has serious effects on all concerned countries and worth of many extensive studies.
Q- In one part of the book you have referred to the effects of the 11th of September incident in the USA over the Caspian Affairs. What are these effects?
A-The Most important development is the urgency felt by USA and Russia to get the Caspian oil and gas to the world markets as soon as possible. This is mostly due to the fact that the West is looking to find alternative sources of oil and gas, not related to OPEC, and especially Arab oil producing countries. The result has been a new wave of pressure by Russia and following that, other regional countries on Iran to work along with others in facilitating the activities of the Western oil and gas companies in the Caspian Sea.
Q- There is a reference to the issue of 50 % of the Caspian Sea belonging to Iran. As you are well aware many experts believe that this in not a reasonable claim due to the length of the Iranian coastline in the Caspian Sea.
A- this issue is mainly mentioned in one of the articles annexed to the text of the book. I have to say that in those articles, I have not looked at the issue of the Caspian Sea as impartial legal consultant, rather I have looked to the issue as a case offered to me in order to defend Iran's rights using the international law and even politics. From this point of view the beginning point for negotiation of the rights in the Caspian Sea is the claim of 50% for Iran. There was a common property; USSR is dead and the inheritors can share the heritage of the deceased. This position should not be given up so easily. Iran must get something from others before passing this stage. Those who say: look at your coastlines and then talk about the issue, are wrong. Look at the coastlines of the UK; do you see any thing there for justification of its sovereignty over Falkland (or Malvinas) in the vicinity of Argentine and Antarctic? Russians and Iranians were using this body of water for hundreds of years. Iran is historical country with a great population, legal documents and historical rights. At the same time, Iran is not is speedy need of Caspian resources, therefore it should play on such options as much as possible. May be we will have another kind of relations with the regional countries and out of region countries, especially the USA. The present weakness of Iranian situation in the Caspian Sera is not due to international law; rather it is the result of wrong policies.
Q- Are there any special sections of the book that you want to put emphasize on them?
A- Some of the most important points that I have tried to demonstrate, especially in the articles annexed to the book (some of them have been independently published in American and European websites and welcomed by various sources), are on concentrated on the point that the Islamic republic of Iran should not get hurried because all that happened and under internal and external pressures give up the national interests of Iran because:
1. Iran does not need the oil and gas of the Caspian Sea so quickly. There are vast resources of oil and gas in other areas of Iran, especially in the Persian Gulf. Exploration and exploitation of many areas in Iran are much easier and practical. Recently, a number of huge oil and gas reservoirs are found in the Iranian side of the Persian Gulf that some observers believe they are going to change some of the fundamental calculations in the world energy scene. There are so many areas inside Iran that have never been really examined for oil and gas resources.
2. I wish to indicate that Russians were exploiting the Caspian Sea as a common property, especially in Azerbaijan, and they did not pay the Iranian share. The only thing that Iran was getting was terrible pollution from oil exploration and exploitation. I think in some stage this issue should be addressed. The reality is that the Caspian Sea was a common property of Iran and the USSR. All those states should pay compensation to Iran, for unilateral using of the common property and tremendous pollution that they have caused during the last 50 years in the Caspian Sea.
3. The Caspian Sea is in serious environmental danger. Iran has a small share from polluting point of view, but it gets a much extensive part of pollution created by other countries because of the sea currents in the Caspian Sea. Russians are the greatest polluters. They create 80% of the Caspian pollution. After that, Azerbaijan is producing some of the worst kinds of pollutions because of their outdated oil refineries and other oil installations in the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are after Azerbaijan in the pollution production. The future of the Caspian Sea depends on how successful will be the Caspian littoral states in finding of a suitable formulas out of all these documents for protection of the unique environment of the Caspian Sea. The most visible ways in this line are as follows.
4. The last but not the least is the legal regime of the Volga-Don and Volga-Baltic waterways. I think the littoral states other than Russia should try to declare the Volga -Don waterway as an international waterway subject to the principles and rules of international law regarding the internationally used navigable waterways. This would mean that Russians couldn't stop ships traveling to the ports of other littoral countries in the Caspian Sea from using the canals. Of course, the Russians can impose any charges due to the services that they deem necessary. They may also try to establish a special regime for the passage from Volga-Don and Baltic waterway. There are several cases of special regimes like those of the Turkey's Bosporus and Dardanelle straits (connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmora). The states, which have been separated from the USSR, should insist on their rights as a former part of the USSR over those waterways. This means that the people and resources of these states have been used to make and run those waterways. Also, the newly independent states are entitled to many of the things that exist in the present Russian Federation.
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